Papers with language adapters
Only for the Unseen Languages, Say the Llamas: On the Efficacy of Language Adapters for Cross-lingual Transfer in English-centric LLMs (2025.acl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Most state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are trained mainly on English data, limiting their effectiveness on non-English, especially low-resource, languages. |
| Approach: | They train language adapters for 13 languages and evaluate their effectiveness on downstream tasks using either task adapters or in-context learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed language adapters improve performance for languages not seen during pretraining, but provide negligible benefit for seen languages. |
Efficient Test Time Adapter Ensembling for Low-resource Language Varieties (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Specialized language and task adapters have been proposed to facilitate cross-lingual transfer of multilingual pretrained models. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that optimizes the ensemble weights of pretrained adapters for each test sentence by minimizing the entropy of its predictions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves robustness to uncovered languages without training new adapters. |
Parameter-Efficient Neural Reranking for Cross-Lingual and Multilingual Retrieval (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | State-of-the-art neural rankers are notoriously data-hungry and rarely used in multilingual and cross-lingual retrieval settings. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Sparse Fine-Tuning Masks and Adapters to transfer rankers trained on English data to other languages and cross-lingual setups by means of multilingual encoders. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods outperform standard zero-shot transfer with full MMT fine-tuning while being more modular and reducing training times. |
ZGUL: Zero-shot Generalization to Unseen Languages using Multi-source Ensembling of Language Adapters (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to zero-shot cross-lingual transfer have focused on training with adapters of a single source and testing either with the target LA or LA of another related language. |
| Approach: | They propose to leverage LAs of multiple (linguistically or geographically related) source languages for more effective cross-lingual transfer instead of just one source LA . they extend their novel neural architecture, ZGUL, to settings where either (1) some unlabeled data or (2) few-shot training examples are available for the target language . |
| Outcome: | Extensive experimentation across four language groups, covering 15 unseen target languages, shows improvements of up to 3.2 average F1 points over baselines on POS tagging and NER tasks. |